Validators FAQ

General Concepts

What is a Gno.land validator?

Gno.land is based on Tendermint2 that relies on a set of validators selected based on Proof of Contribution (PoC) to secure the network. Validators are tasked with participating in consensus by committing new blocks and broadcasting votes. Validators are compensated with a portion of transaction fees generated in the network. In Gno.land, the voting power of all validators are equally weighted to achieve a high nakamoto coefficient and fairness.

What is Tendermint2?

Tendermint2 (TM2) is the consensus protocol that powers Gno.land. TM2 is a successor of Tendermint Core, a de facto consensus framework for building Proof of Stake blockchains. The design philosophy of TM2 is to create “complete software” without any vulnerabilities with development focused on minimalism, dependency removal, and modularity.

What is Proof of Contribution?

Proof of Contribution (PoC) is a novel consensus mechanism that secures Gno.land. PoC weighs expertise and alignment with the project to evaluate the contribution of individuals or teams who govern and operate the chain. Unlike Proof of Stake (PoS), validators are selected via governance of Contributors based on their reputation and technical proficiency. The voting power of the network is equally distributed across all validators for higher decentralization. A portion of all transaction fees paid to the network are evenly shared between all validators to provide a fair incentive structure.

How does Gno.land differ from the Cosmos Hub?

In Cosmos Hub, validators are selected based on the amount of staked ATOM tokens delegated. This means that anyone with enough capital can join as a validator only to seek economic incentives without any alignment or technical expertise. This system leads to an undesirable incentive structure in which validators are rewarded purely based on the capital delegated, regardless of the quality of their infrastructure or service.

On the contrary, validators in Gno.land must be reviewed and verified to have made significant contributions in order to join the validator set. This property resembles the validator selection mechanism in Proof of Authority. Furthermore, all validators are evenly rewarded to ensure that the entire validator set is fairly incentivized to ensure the sustainability of the network.

What stage is the Gno.land project in?

Gno.land is currently in Testnet 3, the single-node testnet stage. The next version, Testnet 4, is scheduled to go live in Q2 2024, which will include a validator set implementation for a multinode environment.

Becoming a Validator

How do I join the testnet as a validator?

Out of many official Gno testnets, Testnet4 (test4) is the purpose-built network for testing the multi-node validator environment prior to mainnet launch. Testnet4 is scheduled to go live in Q2 2024 with genesis validators consisting of the Gno Core Team, partners, and external contributors.

For more information about joining testnet4, visit the relevant issue. For more information about different testnets, visit Gno Testnets.

What are the incentives for running a validator?

Network transaction fees paid on the Gno.land in GNOT are collected, from which a portion is directed to reward validators for their work. All validators fairly receive an equal amount of rewards.

How many validators will there be in mainnet?

The exact plans for mainnet are still TBD. Based on the latest discussions between contributors, the mainnet will likely have an inital validator set size of 20~50, which will gradually scale with the development and decentralization of the Gno.land project.

How do I make my first contribution?

Gno.land is in active development and external contributions are always welcome! If you’re looking for tasks to begin with, we suggest you visit the Bounties & Worx board and search for open tasks up for grabs. Start from small challenges and work your way up to the bigger ones. Every contribution is acknowledged and highly regarded in PoC. We look forward to having you onboard as a new Contributor!

Technical Guides

What are the different types of keys?

1. Tendermint ( Tendermint2 ) Key : A unique key used for voting in consensus during creation of blocks. A Tendermint Key is also often called a Validator Key. It is automatically created when running the gnoland secrets init command. A validator may check their Tendermint Key by running the gnoland secrets get validator_key command.

2. User-owned keys : A key that is generated when a new account is created using the gnokey command. It is used to sign transactions.

3. Node Key : A key used for communicating with other nodes. It is automatically created when running the gnoland secrets init command. A validator may check their Node Key by running the gnoland secrets get node_id command.

What is a full node and a pruned node?

A full node fully validates transactions and blocks of a blockchain and keeps a full record of all historic activity. A pruned node is a lighter node that processes only block headers and does not keep all historical data of the blockchain post-verification. Pruned nodes are less resource intensive in terms of storage costs. Although validators may run either a full node or a pruned node, it is important to retain enough blocks to be able to validate new blocks.

Technical References

How do I generate genesis.json?

genesis.json is the file that is used to create the initial state of the chain. To generate genesis.json, use the gnoland genesis generate command. Refer to this section for various flags that allow you to manipulate the file.

danger

Editing generated genesis.json manually is extremely dangerous. It may corrupt chain initial state which leads chain to not start

How do I add or remove validators from genesis.json?

Validators inside genesis.json will be included in the validator set at genesis. To manipulate the genesis validator set, use the gnoland genesis validator command with the add or remove subcommands. Refer to this section for flags that allow you to configure the name or the voting power of the validator.

How do I add the balance information to the genesis.json?

You may premine coins to various addresses. To modify the balances of addresses at genesis, use the gnoland genesis balances command with the add or remove subcommands. Refer to this section for various flags that allow you to update the entire balance sheet with a file or modify the balance of a single address.

info

Not only ugnot, but other coins are accepted. However, be aware that coins other than ugnot may not work(send, and etc.) properly.

How do I initialize gno secrets?

The gno secrets init command allows you to initialize the private information required to run the validator, including the validator node's private key, the state, and the node ID. Refer to this section for various flags that allow you to define the output directory or to overwrite the existing secrets.

How do I get gno secrets?

To retrieve the private information of your validator node, use the gnoland-secrets-get command. Refer to this section for a flag that allows you to define the output directory.

How do I initialize the gno node configurations?

To initialize the configurations required to run a node, use the gnoland config init command. Refer to this section for various flags that allow you to define the path or to overwrite the existing configurations.

How do I get the current gno node configurations?

To retrieve the specific values the current gno node configurations, use the gnoland config get command. Refer to this section for a flag that allows you to define the path to the configurations file.

How do I edit the gno node configurations?

To edit the specific value of gno node configurations, use the gnoland-config set command. Refer to this section for a flag that allows you to define the path to the configurations file.

How do I initialize and start a new gno chain?

To start an independent gno chain, follow the initialization process available in this section.

How do I connect to an existing gno chain?

To join the validator set of a gno chain, you must first establish a connection. Refer to this section for a step-by-step guide on how to connect to an existing gno chain.